Iraq (Republic of Iraq) is located in Western Asia, in the Middle East. It is washed by the waters of the Persian Gulf. It borders Turkey, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Jordan and Syria. The capital is Baghdad. The form of government is a parliamentary republic, the head of state is the president.
The climate in Iraq is typically subtropical, characterized by high temperatures in summer and mild winters. Summer in Iraq is very hot and dry. Temperatures often rise above 40°C, especially in the southern and central parts of the country. Daytime temperatures in winter typically range from 15°C to 20°C.
The country's population in 2023 was 43,500,000 people.
Language. According to the constitution, the official languages are Arabic and Kurdish. Kurdish is spoken by the Kurds living in the northern regions of Iraq, especially the Kurdistan region. The Kurdish language has several dialects such as Sorani and Badini. Arabic is used in education, government institutions and business.
Iraq's economy is one of the largest in the Middle East and North Africa region due to its rich oil resources. Iraq has huge oil reserves and the oil industry plays a key role in the country's economy. Oil exports account for a significant portion of Iraq's income. Apart from the oil industry, Iraq has some diversity in industrial sectors, including petrochemicals, construction, textiles and other sectors.
Agriculture in Iraq is an important industry providing food and jobs. The main crops are corn, wheat, and rice. However, agriculture faces challenges such as water scarcity and land constraints.
However, the population in Iraq faces the problem of poverty and unemployment, especially among the youth. Despite abundant resources, the inability to create jobs and ensure social stability remain major challenges for the country.
Political conflicts and instability in the region have a negative impact on the Iraqi economy and create uncertainty for investors and businesses. Most income and wealth are concentrated in the hands of a limited group of people, while the majority of the population lives on low incomes and faces poverty.
Although there are schools and universities, the quality of education can be poor, especially in poor areas. And the availability of medical institutions does not provide access to quality medical services for all segments of the population, especially in remote and poor areas.
Iraq is a multi-ethnic and multi-religious country, and ethnic and religious differences are sometimes a source of inequality and conflict. Some ethnic and religious groups may face discrimination and restrictions in accessing resources and opportunities.
Iraq is a country that has experienced many conflicts and hostilities. This has led to mass migration, including refugees and internal displacement of people who are often left in vulnerable situations and face social inequalities.
