The Republic of Chad is located in central Africa. The northern part of the country is located in the Sahara Desert. Former colony of France. It borders Libya, Sudan, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Niger and Nigeria. Inside Chad lies Lake Chad, one of the largest lakes in Africa. This lake plays an important role in the region, providing water to many people and animals. The form of government is a presidential republic, the head of state is the president. The capital is N'Djamena.
Climate. The climate in the Republic of Chad varies from subtropical to desert, depending on the region of the country. The northern part of the country, including the capital N'Djamena, is located in a subtropical zone with a desert climate. Summers here are hot and dry, with temperatures exceeding 40°C and minimal rainfall. The central part of the country has a savanna climate with two seasons: dry and rainy. The southern part also has a savanna climate, but precipitation here is more evenly distributed throughout the year. The climate around Lake Chad is subtropical, with higher humidity than the northern regions. The eastern part of the country has a subtropical climate with higher rainfall and green landscapes.
Number. The population in 2023 was 18,523,165.
Language. There are two officially recognized languages: French and Arabic. French is used in government, education and business. It is also taught in schools. Arabic is widely used in everyday life, especially in the northern and eastern regions of the country. This dialect of Arabic is known as Chadian Arabic and has some local pronunciation variations.
Chad is one of the least developed countries in the world with a low level of human development. The economy is based on agriculture, mining (including oil) and a small service sector. The majority of the population lives in extreme poverty and lacks access to basic, life-saving resources such as clean water, food and shelter. Chad has faced political instability and conflict, including civil wars and attacks by Islamist groups. The infrastructure in Chad is not developed and leaves much to be desired. Lack of roads, electricity and access to clean drinking water are serious problems.
Literacy rates remain low, especially among women and girls. Insufficient funding for education, a lack of qualified teachers and poor quality educational programs are serious obstacles to the development of Chadian youth.
The healthcare system suffers from insufficient funding and infrastructure. Despite efforts to improve public health, access to health care remains limited, especially in rural areas. Child labor and child marriage remain common in Chad, affecting the rights and future of children. Women and girls in Chad often face discrimination, violence and limited opportunities for education and self-fulfillment.
