Pakistan (Islamic Republic of Pakistan) is a country located in South Asia. It borders with Afghanistan, Iran, China, and India. In the south it is washed by the Arabian Sea. Pakistan is an independent republic and is divided into four provinces: Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan. It also includes special administrative regions and the capital, Islamabad. The head of state is the president.
Climate. The climate in Pakistan varies greatly depending on the region and season. Desert regions like Thar and Cholistan have hot summers and cool winters. In summer, temperatures in these areas can exceed 40 degrees Celsius, while in winter they can drop to freezing. There is very little rainfall in these areas. Some areas, such as Karachi and Karachi North, have a climate close to the Mediterranean. The mountainous regions, including the Northern Pakistan Himalayas and the Karakoram Range, have a varied climate. In summer, it can be warm in the lowlands of the mountains, but cold in the mountains. In winter, temperatures can drop to below freezing and snow falls in these areas. A tropical climate with high humidity is characteristic of some coastal regions and valleys such as Karachi and Lahore. In most parts of Pakistan, the rainy season occurs during the summer months. The main precipitation falls from July to September, and this time is called the monsoon season. Rainfall during this period can be intense and cause flooding. The mountainous regions of Pakistan have snowy winters and this makes them popular destinations for winter sports.
Number. In 2021 the population was 223,773,700.
Language. Pakistan is a multilingual country and several languages are spoken in it. Urdu is the official language of Pakistan and is used in government documents, education and media. It is also one of the national languages. English is widely used in business and education and is the second official language. It is also often used in international communications. Apart from the two official ones, many other languages and dialects are spoken in Pakistan.
Agriculture plays an important role in Pakistan's economy, providing employment to a large part of the population and being a source of food. The main agricultural products are wheat, rice, sugar and cotton. Industry and sectors such as textiles, agricultural engineering, automobile manufacturing and chemicals play an important role in economic development. The country has financial markets, exchanges and a banking sector.
Pakistan faces a number of social problems and inequalities that affect the lives of its citizens. Lack of access to quality education remains one of the major social problems in Pakistan. Many children, especially from rural and poor areas, do not have access to schooling. Problems with gender inequality continue to exist here. Women and girls face restrictions in accessing education, health care and participation in economic and political life.
Access to adequate medical care and healthcare remains a challenge for many citizens. The country has high maternal and child mortality rates, and infectious diseases are common. Income inequality in the country is significant. Most wealth is concentrated in the hands of a small part of the population, while many people live in poverty.
Pakistan has beautiful nature including mountain ranges, deserts, rivers and fertile valleys. The most famous mountain system is the Himalayas, including part of it - the Karakoram range, where the highest mountain in the world, Everest, is located. Pakistan has major rivers such as the Indus River, which plays an important role in agriculture and water supply. Pakistan is rich in cultural and historical heritage and is home to ancient cities, architectural monuments and much more. But despite all the wealth, many people remain vulnerable to economic and social crises.
